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The human gastrointestinal tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, and is divided into the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. [3] The GI tract includes all structures between the mouth and the anus , [ 4 ] forming a continuous passageway that includes the main organs of digestion, namely, the stomach , small intestine ...
When anatomists refer to the right and left of the body, it is in reference to the right and left of the subject, not the right and left of the observer. When observing a body in the anatomical position, the left of the body is on the observer's right, and vice versa. These standardized terms avoid confusion. Examples of terms include: [2]: 4 ...
the dorsal region encompassing the upper back; the lumbar region encompassing the lower back. the sacral region occurring at the end of the spine, directly above the buttocks. The regions of the back of the arms, from superior to inferior, include the cervical region encompassing the neck, the acromial region encompassing the shoulder,
The lower gastrointestinal tract (GI), includes the small intestine and all of the large intestine. [29] The intestine is also called the bowel or the gut. The lower GI starts at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach and finishes at the anus. The small intestine is subdivided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The cecum marks the ...
Upper gastrointestinal series is the modality of choice for the evaluation of malrotation, as it will often show an abnormal position of the duodenum and duodeno-jejunal flexure (ligament of Treitz). In cases of malrotation complicated with volvulus, upper GI demonstrates a corkscrew appearance of the distal duodenum and jejunum.
The digestive system functions to move material through the GI tract via peristalsis, break down that material via digestion, absorb nutrients for use throughout the body, and remove waste from the body via defecation. [3] Physicians who specialize in the medical specialty of gastroenterology are called gastroenterologists or sometimes GI doctors.
A horizontal line across from the cardiac notch gives the dome-shaped region called the fundus. [8] The cardia is a very small region of the stomach that surrounds the esophageal opening. [8] The fundus (from Latin 'bottom') is formed in the upper curved part. The body or corpus is the main, central region of the stomach.
The median plane, also called the midsagittal plane, which divides the body into left and right. [2] [6] This passes through the head, spinal cord, navel and, in many animals, the tail. [6] The sagittal planes, also called the parasagittal planes, which are parallel to the median plane. [1]