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A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming interface (API) for the networking architecture.
Berkeley sockets originated with the 4.2BSD Unix operating system, released in 1983, as a programming interface.Not until 1989, however, could the University of California, Berkeley release versions of the operating system and networking library free from the licensing constraints of AT&T Corporation's proprietary Unix.
W. Richard Stevens: UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Second Edition: Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI, Prentice Hall, 1998, ISBN 0-13-490012-X ^ "Chapter 12 - Network Programming". COMP1406 (PDF) . 2017.
Unix domain socket: Similar to an internet socket, but all communication occurs within the kernel. Domain sockets use the file system as their address space. Processes reference a domain socket as an inode, and multiple processes can communicate with one socket: All POSIX operating systems and Windows 10 [6] Message queue
In other words, the sockets library uses type punning to implement a rudimentary form of polymorphism or inheritance. Often seen in the programming world is the use of "padded" data structures to allow for the storage of different kinds of values in what is effectively the same storage space.
After instantiating a new socket, the server binds the socket to an address. For a Unix domain socket, the address is a /path/filename.. Because the socket address may be either a /path/filename or an IP_address:Port_number, the socket application programming interface requires the address to first be set into a structure.
Unix Network Programming is a book written by W. Richard Stevens. [1] It was published in 1990 by Prentice Hall and covers many topics regarding UNIX networking and Computer network programming . The book focuses on the design and development of network software under UNIX.
Internet Direct, also known as "Indy", is a free software / open source socket library written in Object Pascal, an object-oriented version of Pascal.It includes clients, servers, TCP, UDP, and raw sockets, as well as over 100 higher level protocols implementations such as SMTP, POP3, NNTP, and HTTP. [1]