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IP fragmentation attacks are a kind of computer security attack based on how the Internet Protocol (IP) requires data to be transmitted and processed. Specifically, it invokes IP fragmentation, a process used to partition messages (the service data unit (SDU); typically a packet) from one layer of a network into multiple smaller payloads that can fit within the lower layer's protocol data unit ...
This socat bug affected version 1.7.3.0 and 2.0.0-b8 it was corrected in following releases from 1.7.3.1 and 2.0.0-b9. [19] Cryptcat [21] is a version of netcat with integrated transport encryption capabilities. In the middle of 2005, Nmap announced another netcat incarnation called Ncat. [22]
15 XNET Cross Net Debugger IEN 158 [2] 0x10 16 CHAOS Chaos: 0x11 17 UDP User Datagram Protocol: RFC 768: 0x12 18 MUX Multiplexing: IEN 90 [3] 0x13 19 DCN-MEAS DCN Measurement Subsystems 0x14 20 HMP Host Monitoring Protocol: RFC 869: 0x15 21 PRM Packet Radio Measurement 0x16 22 XNS-IDP XEROX NS IDP 0x17 23 TRUNK-1 Trunk-1 0x18 24 TRUNK-2 Trunk-2 ...
The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
Promiscuous mode is often used to diagnose network connectivity issues. There are programs that make use of this feature to show the user all the data being transferred over the network. Some protocols like FTP and Telnet transfer data and passwords in clear text, without encryption, and network scanners can see this data.
The reactor software design pattern is an event handling strategy that can respond to many potential service requests concurrently. The pattern's key component is an event loop, running in a single thread or process, which demultiplexes incoming requests and dispatches them to the correct request handler. [1]
Protocol stack of the OSI model. The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family.Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the communication protocols, and the stack is the software implementation of them.
[1] After the completion of the link establishment phase, the authenticator sends a "challenge" message to the peer. The peer responds with a value calculated using a one-way hash function on the challenge and the secret combined. The authenticator checks the response against its own calculation of the expected hash value.