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Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory) [1] is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity which provides a means of calculating the load-carrying and deflection characteristics of beams. It covers the case corresponding to small deflections of a beam that is subjected to lateral ...
This is the Euler–Bernoulli equation for beam bending. After a solution for the displacement of the beam has been obtained, the bending moment ( M {\displaystyle M} ) and shear force ( Q {\displaystyle Q} ) in the beam can be calculated using the relations
The deflection of beam elements is usually calculated on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation while that of a plate or shell element is calculated using plate or shell theory. An example of the use of deflection in this context is in building construction. Architects and engineers select materials for various applications.
The elastica theory is a theory of mechanics of solid materials developed by Leonhard Euler that allows for very large scale elastic deflections of structures. Euler (1744) and Jakob Bernoulli developed the theory for elastic lines (yielding the solution known as the elastica curve ) and studied buckling.
Castigliano's method for calculating displacements is an application of his second theorem, which states: If the strain energy of a linearly elastic structure can be expressed as a function of generalised force Q i then the partial derivative of the strain energy with respect to generalised force gives the generalised displacement q i in the direction of Q i.
Strength depends upon material properties. The strength of a material depends on its capacity to withstand axial stress, shear stress, bending, and torsion.The strength of a material is measured in force per unit area (newtons per square millimetre or N/mm², or the equivalent megapascals or MPa in the SI system and often pounds per square inch psi in the United States Customary Units system).
Symmetry or anti-symmetry conditions are exploited in order to reduce the size of the model. Displacement compatibility, including any required discontinuity, is ensured at the nodes, and preferably, along the element edges as well, particularly when adjacent elements are of different types, material or thickness.
where is the flexural modulus (in Pa), is the second moment of area (in m 4), is the transverse displacement of the beam at x, and () is the bending moment at x. The flexural rigidity (stiffness) of the beam is therefore related to both E {\displaystyle E} , a material property, and I {\displaystyle I} , the physical geometry of the beam.