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MS-DOS versions 2.x - 4.x use chkdsk.com as the executable file. MS-DOS versions 5.x and later use chkdsk.exe as the executable file. [8] CHKDSK can also show the memory usage, this was used before the command MEM.EXE was introduced in MS-DOS 4.0 to show the memory usage.
It included a more user-friendly interface than CHKDSK, more configuration options, [2] [3] and the ability to detect and (if possible) recover from physical errors on the disk. This replaced and improved upon the limited ability offered by the MS-DOS recover utility. [4] Unlike CHKDSK, ScanDisk would also repair crosslinked files. [5]
When the application requests a track to a file or directory, the tracking service creates the OID entry, which points to the file, and file rename, copy or move operation to a NTFS v3 volume also copies the object ID. This allows the tracking service to eventually find the target file.
The most common data recovery scenarios involve an operating system failure, malfunction of a storage device, logical failure of storage devices, accidental damage or deletion, etc. (typically, on a single-drive, single-partition, single-OS system), in which case the ultimate goal is simply to copy all important files from the damaged media to another new drive.
This method of file protection was basic. It determined system files by file extension and file path. It was able to restore files from the installation media or a source specified by the user. Windows 98 did not offer real-time system file protection beyond file attributes; therefore, no preventive or reactive measure was available.
To the applications, the file looks like an ordinary file with empty regions seen as regions filled with zeros; the file system maintains an internal list of such regions for each sparse file. [85] A sparse file does not necessarily include sparse zeros areas; the "sparse file" attribute just means that the file is allowed to have them.
APPEND: Set a search path for data files. ASSIGN: Redirect requests for disk operations on one drive to a different drive. ATTRIB: Set or display file attributes. BACKUP / RESTORE: simple backup and restore utilities. CHKDSK: Check disk for file system integrity. COMP: File compare utility. DEBUG: Simple command line debugger.
shutdown /r /o: Windows Vista: Microsoft Drive Optimizer: Rearranges files stored on a hard disk to occupy contiguous storage locations in order to optimize computer performance dfrgui.exe: Windows 95, Windows 2000: Event Viewer: Lets administrators and users view the event logs on a local or remote machine eventvwr.msc: Windows NT 3.1 ...