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The BM-21 "Grad" (Russian: БМ-21 "Град", lit. 'hailstorm') is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. [11] The system and the M-21OF rocket [12] were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict. [13]
The BM-21UM Berest system was presented for the first time at the Weapons and Security 2018 exhibition, which took place on October 9–12 in Kyiv. "Berest" is a deep modernization of BM-21 Grad, and is designed to replace it. [1] [2] "Berest" was made by Shepetivka repair plant for its own working capital. [2]
The RM-70 (Raketomet vzor 1970) multiple rocket launcher is a Czechoslovak Army version and heavier variant of the BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher, providing enhanced performance over its parent area-saturation rocket artillery system that was introduced in 1971 [2] (the NATO designation is M1972).
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Rocket artillery BM-21 Grad: 122mm multiple rocket launcher Active: 400 Reserve: 1,500 [43] Soviet Union [67] [68] [69] As of 16 July 2024, at least 228 have been lost in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. [46] BM-27 Uragan: 220mm multiple rocket launcher Active: 200 Reserve: 550 [43] Soviet Union
It is a variant of the Soviet BM-21 Grad. [3] The Type 81 was the first in a family of Chinese self-propelled 122 mm rocket launchers. [2] The system forms the backbone of People's Liberation Army Ground Force's combined arms brigade. Type 81 went through different iterations of modernization to improve the combat effectiveness. [4]
The Mini-Grad (Ukrainian: Міні-Град) is a Ukrainian improvised mobile multiple rocket launcher consisting of BM-21 Grad launch tubes mounted on a pickup truck. They have a number of extra features to improve survivability and accuracy at short ranges.
WR-40 Langusta is a Polish self-propelled multiple rocket launcher developed by Centrum Produkcji Wojskowej HSW SA. The first 32 units of the WR-40 entered service in 2010. The Langusta (crawfish) is based on a deeply modernized and re-worked Soviet cold-war era BM-21 launcher.