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Hydroxyapatite (IMA name: hydroxylapatite [5]) (Hap, HAp, or HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 (OH), often written Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities. [6] It is the hydroxyl endmember of the complex apatite group.
Chatoyant stones are known as cat's-eye apatite, [3] transparent green stones are known as asparagus stone, [3] and blue stones have been called moroxite. [35] If crystals of rutile have grown in the crystal of apatite, in the right light the cut stone displays a cat's-eye effect. Major sources for gem apatite are [3] Brazil, Myanmar, and Mexico.
In this table, The first cell in each row gives a symbol; The second is a link to the article that details that symbol, using its Unicode standard name or common alias.
Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS). It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver . Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals .
Fluorapatite crystallizes in a hexagonal crystal system. It is often combined as a solid solution with hydroxylapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 OH or Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) in biological matrices. Chlorapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 Cl) is another related structure. [5] Industrially, the mineral is an important source of both phosphoric and hydrofluoric acids.
Hydroxylapatite → Hydroxyapatite – See the comments under #Name arguing for the form without the "l" in the middle. Problem is, the Hydroxyapatite redirect has been modified a few times, so we cannot do a simple rename anymore.
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals (at 96%), [2] with water and organic material composing the rest. [3] The primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. [4]
This layer is called a mixed carbonated hydroxyl apatite (HCA). Growth factors adsorb to the surface of Bioglass due to its structural and chemical similarities to hydroxyapatite. Adsorbed growth factors cause the activation of M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages tend to promote wound healing and initiate the migration of progenitor cells to an ...