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In hydraulic engineering, a nappe is a sheet or curtain of water that flows over a weir or dam. The upper and lower water surface have well-defined characteristics that are created by the crest of a dam or weir. [1] Both structures have different features that characterize how a nappe might flow through or over impervious concrete structures. [2]
A weir was built on the Humber River (Ontario) to prevent a recurrence of a catastrophic flood. Flood management describes methods used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters. Flooding can be caused by a mix of both natural processes, such as extreme weather upstream, and human changes to waterbodies and runoff.
Estimates are based on local soil conditions, land cover, and historic rainfall records. The Calculator accesses several national databases that provide soil, topography, rainfall, and evaporation information for the chosen site. The user supplies information about the site's land cover and selects the types of low impact development (LID ...
A barrage is a type of low-head, diversion dam which consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through. This allows the structure to regulate and stabilize river water elevation upstream for use in irrigation and other systems.
Patrick Weir of the British Merchant Navy independently reinvented the projection in 1890, after which it began to see more frequent use as recognition of its retroazimuthal property spread. Maps based on the Littrow projection are sometimes referred to as Weir Azimuth diagrams .
A diagram showing the relationship for flow depth (y) and total Energy (E) for a given flow (Q). Note the location of critical flow, subcritical flow, and supercritical flow. The energy equation used for open channel flow computations is a simplification of the Bernoulli Equation (See Bernoulli Principle ), which takes into account pressure ...
The common primary functions of a barrage are: Increase the depth of a river (similar to a weir) Maintain a separation between fresh and salt water; Reduce the risk of tidal flooding up the river; Secondary functions may include: Tidal power generation; Artificial whitewater leisure centres; Form a Coastal reservoir
Tainter gate diagram: Tainter gates and spillway: Drum gates are hollow gate sections that float on water. They are pinned to rotate up or down. Water is allowed into or out of the flotation chamber to adjust the dam's crest height. Drum gates are controlled with valves. Drum gates on a diversion dam