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The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shapes containing seeds. [4] Familiar food species include the adzuki bean (V. angularis), the black gram (V. mungo), the cowpea (V. unguiculata, including the variety known as the black-eyed pea), and the mung bean (V. radiata).
The word 'bean', for the Old World vegetable, existed in Old English, [3] long before the New World genus Phaseolus was known in Europe. With the Columbian exchange of domestic plants between Europe and the Americas, use of the word was extended to pod-borne seeds of Phaseolus, such as the common bean and the runner bean, and the related genus Vigna.
Some varieties develop a string along the pod; these are generally cultivated for dry beans, as green stringy beans are not commercially desirable. The beans are smooth, plump, kidney-shaped, up to 1.5 cm long, range widely in color and are often mottled in two or more colors. The beans maintain their germination capacity for up to 5 years.
Toby Adams, the director of the Edible Academy, explained, "Fruits are structures that contain seeds, and a green bean is, basically, a pod that has seeds inside of it."
The generic name Phaseolus was introduced by Linnaeus in 1753, [7] from the Latin phaseolus, a diminutive of phasēlus, in turn borrowed from Greek φάσηλος / phasēlos of unknown origin. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The Ancient Greeks probably referred to any bean in a pod as phasēlos , [ 10 ] which at the time, in Europe, were only of Asian origin.
The cranberry bean looks similar to the pinto bean, but cranberry beans are larger and have big maroon, magenta, or black specks on a creamy white background, more like Great Northern beans. After cooking, however, the specks vanish and the beans take on a more even, darker color. (a) three raw borlotti beans.
The name for a small bean was recorded in the 17th century, in the now extinct Eudeve language of northern Mexico, as tépar (accusative case, tépari). [8] Names that contain yori in them typically refer to non-native species of beans, since those names mean "non-Indian person's bean".
Black beans: Half a cup of canned black beans offers 6g each of fiber and protein, as well as various micronutrients such as iron, magnesium, manganese, folate and thiamine.