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The condition is known by numerous names including clubbed thumb or club thumb. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] American researcher R.A. Hefner used the terms "short thumb" and "brachymegalodactylism" in 1924, [ 3 ] and "short thumb" has continued to be used in a few other studies since then, including the study that defined Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome in 1963 ...
Brachydactyly type D. "Stub Thumb" Referred to inaccurately as "clubbed thumbs". [11] Most common form of brachydactyly. It shortens the final bone in the thumbs and does not affect the fingers at all. [9] Type E, BDE: 113300: HOXD13: 2q31-q32: Brachydactyly type E. This is the rarest form of brachydactyly.
The thumb contrasts with each of the other four fingers by being the only one that: Is opposable to the other four fingers; Has two phalanges rather than three. However, recently there have been reports that the thumb, like other fingers, has three phalanges, but lacks a metacarpal bone. [3]
Brachyphalangy of the distal phalange of the thumb. This condition is caused by either fusion or early closure of the phalange's growth plate. One example is brachydactyly type D, which is caused by an early closure of the thumb's distal phalange, leading to a congenitally short thumb with a similarly short and wide thumb nail.
The number of phalanges in animals is often expressed as a "phalangeal formula" that indicates the numbers of phalanges in digits, beginning from the innermost medial or proximal. For example, humans have a 2-3-3-3-3 formula for the hand, meaning that the thumb has two phalanges, whilst the other fingers each have three.
Didactyly (from Greek δι-di-'two') or bidactyly is the condition of having two digits on each limb, as in the Hypertragulidae and two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus. In humans this name is used for an abnormality in which the middle digits are missing, leaving only the thumb and fifth finger, or big and little toes.
Triphalangeal thumb (TPT) is a congenital malformation where the thumb has three phalanges instead of two. The extra phalangeal bone can vary in size from that of a small pebble to a size comparable to the phalanges in non-thumb digits. The true incidence of the condition is unknown, but is estimated at 1:25,000 live births. [1]
The thumb (connected to the trapezium) is located on one of the sides, parallel to the arm. The palm has five bones known as metacarpal bones, one to each of the five digits. Human hands contain fourteen digital bones, also called phalanges, or phalanx bones: two in the thumb (the thumb has no middle phalanx) and three in each of the four ...