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Perceptual load theory is a psychological theory of attention.It was presented by Nilli Lavie in the mid-nineties as a potential resolution to the early/late selection debate.
The paper introduced a new deep learning architecture known as the transformer, based on the attention mechanism proposed in 2014 by Bahdanau et al. [4] It is considered a foundational [5] paper in modern artificial intelligence, as the transformer approach has become the main architecture of large language models like those based on GPT.
Awareness is a relative concept.It may refer to an internal state, such as a visceral feeling, or on external events by way of sensory perception. [2] It is analogous to sensing something, a process distinguished from observing and perceiving (which involves a basic process of acquainting with the items we perceive). [4]
[1]: 1 A classic example of a cuing study undertaken to evaluate object-based attention was that of Egly, Driver, and Rafal. [6] Their results demonstrated that it was quicker to detect a target that was located on a cued object than it was to locate the target when it was the same distance away, but on an uncued object.
The brain not only uses the process of attention, but it also builds a set of information, or a representation, descriptive of attention. That representation, or internal model, is the attention schema. In the theory, the attention schema provides the requisite information that allows the machine to make claims about consciousness.
Voluntary attention, otherwise known as top-down attention, is the aspect over which we have control, enabling us to act in a goal-directed manner. [14] In contrast, reflexive attention is driven by exogenous stimuli redirecting our current focus of attention to a new stimulus, thus it is a bottom-up influence. These two divisions of attention ...
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Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. [1] Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism , which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical ...
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