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The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2 ) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed during the twentieth ...
Fritz Haber (German: [ˈfʁɪt͡s ˈhaːbɐ] ⓘ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
The Haber–Bosch Process today consumes more than one percent of humanity's energy production and is responsible for feeding roughly one-third of its population. [10] On average, one-half of the nitrogen in a human body comes from synthetically fixed sources, the product of a Haber–Bosch plant. [11]
Robert Le Rossignol (27 April 1884 – 26 June 1976) was a British chemist. He is most known for his work with Fritz Haber on the fixation of nitrogen from atmospheric air, the Haber process.
c. 1840: Nitrogen-based fertiliser by Justus von Liebig, [132] important innovations were later made by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch (Haber process) in the 1900s [133] 1846: Discovery of guncotton by Christian Friedrich Schönbein [134] 1850s: Siemens-Martin process by Carl Wilhelm Siemens [135] c. 1855: Bunsen burner by Robert Bunsen and Peter ...
Fritz Haber (1868–1934), Germany – Haber process (ammonia synthesis) John Hadley (1682–1744), UK – octant; Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), Russia/Switzerland – first anti-cholera and anti-plague vaccines; Gunther von Hagens (born 1945), Germany – whole body Plastination; Charles Hall (1863–1914), U.S. – aluminum production
Summer – Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch first demonstrate the Haber process, the catalytic formation of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen under conditions of high temperature and pressure. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]