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In the same year, Larry E. Beutler and colleagues published their systematic treatment selection model, which attempted to integrate common and specific factors into a single model that therapists could use to guide treatment, considering variables of patient dimensions, environments, settings, therapist dimensions, and treatment types. [22]
Attribution theory is the original parent theory with Harold Kelley's covariation model and Bernard Weiner's three-dimensional model branching from Attribution theory. Attribution theory also influenced several other theories as well such as Heider's Perceived Locus of Causality which eventually led to Deci and Ryan's Theory of Self-determination.
Watson and Clark (1991) proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. [1] This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal.
In 1979, Beck, Augustus John Rush, Brian Shaw and Gary Emery published the book "Cognitive therapy of depression", [37] which had the cognitive triad as a major underpinning concept. This mode of therapy became a major part of cognitive behavioral therapy in the 1980s, which became the standard non-pharmaceutical treatment for depression.
People with depression may be taught how to identify and alter these biases as part of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Beck proposes that those with depression develop cognitive distortions , a type of cognitive bias sometimes also referred to as faulty or unhelpful thinking patterns.
One behavioral activation approach to depression had participants create a hierarchy of reinforcing activities, rank-ordered by difficulty. Participants then tracked goals along with clinicians who used a token economy to reinforce success in moving through the hierarchy of activities, being measured before and after by the Beck Depression Inventory.
As a diathesis–stress model of depression, [5] the model does not predict associations of attributional style with depression in the absence of objective negative events (stressors). A meta-analysis of 104 empirical studies of the theory indicates that the predictions are supported. [ 6 ]
Researchers found self-control therapy to be superior to that of the nonspecific group therapy condition and the control group based on results from a self-report of depression assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Depression scale (MMPI-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory, the participants' activity level assessed by a ...