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A coronal hole at the Sun's north pole observed in soft X-ray. Coronal hole size and population correspond with the solar cycle. As the Sun heads toward solar maximum, the coronal holes move closer and closer to the Sun's poles. [4] During solar maxima, the number of coronal holes decreases until the magnetic fields on the Sun reverse.
In solar physics, a coronal loop is a well-defined arch-like structure in the Sun's atmosphere made up of relatively dense plasma confined and isolated from the surrounding medium by magnetic flux tubes. Coronal loops begin and end at two footpoints on the photosphere and project into the transition region and lower corona.
Pictured is the Sun as seen in soft x-ray with a transequatorial loop slightly right of center arcing across the solar equator. In solar physics , a transequatorial loop is a structure present in the solar corona that connects two different regions of opposite magnetic polarity in opposite hemispheres of the Sun .
On July 11, NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured a big hole on the surface of the sun. Tom Yulsman who writes for Discover's ImaGeo blog notes that there is no reason for people to be concerned.
A video of the series of coronal mass ejections in August 2010. A coronal mass ejection (CME) is a massive burst of solar wind and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona. [15] Near solar maxima, the Sun produces about three CMEs every day, whereas solar minima feature about one every five days. [16]
Some prominences are ejected from the Sun in what is known as a prominence eruption. These eruptions can have speeds ranging from 600 km/s to more than 1000 km/s. [1] At least 70% of prominence eruptions are associated with an ejection of coronal material into the solar wind known as a coronal mass ejection. [18]
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Coronal event Typical time-scale Typical length-scale (Mm) Active region flare: 10 to 10 000 seconds: 10–100 X-ray bright point: minutes: 1–10 Transient in large-scale structures: from minutes to hours ~100 Transient in interconnecting arcs: from minutes to hours ~100 Quiet Sun: from hours to months: 100– 1 000: Coronal hole: several ...