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Thermal physics, generally speaking, is the study of the statistical nature of physical systems from an energetic perspective. Starting with the basics of heat and temperature, thermal physics analyzes the first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics from the statistical perspective, in terms of the number of microstates corresponding to a given macrostate.
A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state. [1]
The laws of thermodynamics imply the following relations between these two heat capacities (Gaskell 2003:23): = = Here is the thermal expansion coefficient: = is the isothermal compressibility (the inverse of the bulk modulus):
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.
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The first and second law of thermodynamics are the most fundamental equations of thermodynamics. They may be combined into what is known as fundamental thermodynamic relation which describes all of the changes of thermodynamic state functions of a system of uniform temperature and pressure.
The basic principle is the Fourier's law which is expressed as follows for a static system: q ″ = − k d T d x {\displaystyle q''=-k{\frac {dT}{dx}}} The net flux of heat through a system equals the conductivity times the rate of change of temperature with respect to position.
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