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A simplified version of the definition is: The k v factor of a valve indicates "The water flow in m 3 /h, at a pressure drop across the valve of 1 kgf/cm 2 when the valve is completely open. The complete definition also says that the flow medium must have a density of 1000 kg/m 3 and a kinematic viscosity of 10 −6 m 2 /s, e.g. water. [clarify]
In a variable primary chilled-water system, the design flow rate is determined by the water flow velocity in the tube of the coils. At typical conditions, 6–7 feet per second (1.8–2.1 m/s) Maximum 12 ft/s (3.7 m/s) Minimum 1.5 ft/s (0.46 m/s) (based on a Reynolds number of 7500) Minimum flow is typically 50% or less of the design flow. [1]
In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: [1] = where (in SI units): q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., N/m 2, ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m 3), and; u is the flow speed in m/s.
Hydronic balancing, also called hydraulic balancing, is the process of optimizing the distribution of water in a building's hydronic heating or cooling system by equalizing the system pressure. In a balanced system every radiator is set to receive the proper amount of fluid in order to provide the intended indoor climate at optimum energy ...
At cross section 1, the mean flow velocity is equal to v 1, the pressure is p 1 and the cross-sectional area is A 1. The corresponding flow quantities at cross section 2 – well behind the expansion (and regions of separated flow ) – are v 2 , p 2 and A 2 , respectively.
The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A , and a unit vector normal to the area, n ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}} .
Williams, Gardner Stewart; Hazen, Allen (1920), Hydraulic tables: the elements of gagings and the friction of water flowing in pipes, aqueducts, sewers, etc., as determined by the Hazen and Williams formula and the flow of water over sharp-edged and irregular weirs, and the quantity discharged as determined by Bazin's formula and experimental ...
In this article, the following conventions and definitions are to be understood: The Reynolds number Re is taken to be Re = V D / ν, where V is the mean velocity of fluid flow, D is the pipe diameter, and where ν is the kinematic viscosity μ / ρ, with μ the fluid's Dynamic viscosity, and ρ the fluid's density.