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Parallel ATA (PATA), originally AT Attachment, also known as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), is a standard interface designed for IBM PC-compatible computers.It was first developed by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives.
ATAPI (ATA Packet Interface) is a protocol used with the Parallel ATA (IDE) and Serial ATA standards so that a greater variety of devices can be connected to a computer than with the ATA command set alone.
Moving the HDD controller from the interface card to the disk drive helped to standardize the host/controller interface, reduce the programming complexity in the host device driver, and reduced system cost and complexity. The 40-pin IDE/ATA connection transfers 16 bits of data at a time on the data cable.
Inter alia with Windows 10 and 8, this can be fixed by forcing the correct drivers to reload during Safe Mode. [9] In Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012, the controller driver has changed from msahci to storahci, [10] and the procedures to upgrade to the AHCI controller is similar to that of Windows 7. [11]
Adaptec also developed generic SCSI disk and CD-ROM drivers for DOS (ASPICD.SYS and ASPIDISK.SYS). [3]: 60–61 At least a couple of other programming interfaces for SCSI device drivers competed with ASPI in the early 1990s, including CAM (Common Access Method), developed by Apple; and Layered Device Driver Architecture, developed by Microsoft.
Around 1997, with the introduction of ATAPI-4 (and thus Ultra-DMA-Mode, which enabled fast data transfers with less CPU utilization) the first ATA RAID controllers were introduced as PCI expansion cards. Those RAID systems made their way to the consumer market, for users wanting the fault-tolerance of RAID without investing in expensive SCSI ...
The Read(10), Read(12), Read Long, Write(10), Write(12), and Write Long commands all contain a 32-bit LBA address plus various other parameter options. The capacity of a "sequential access" (i.e. tape-type) device is not specified because it depends, amongst other things, on the length of the tape, which is not identified in a machine-readable way.
It is confirmed that with native Microsoft drivers the TRIM command works on Windows 7 in AHCI and legacy IDE / ATA Mode. [44] Windows 8 and later Windows operating systems support the unmap command for devices that use the SCSI driver stack, including USB Attached SCSI Protocol (UASP).