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Fatima bint Muhammad al-Fihriya al-Qurashiyya (Arabic: فاطمة بنت محمد الفهرية القرشية), [1] known in shorter form as Fatima al-Fihriya [2] or Fatima al-Fihri, [3] was an Arab woman who is credited with founding the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque in 857–859 CE in Fez, Morocco. She is also known as Umm al-Banīn ("Mother of the ...
The Arabic name of the university [a] means "University of the People from Kairouan". [b] Factors such as the provenance of Fatima al-Fihriya's family in Tunisia, [16] the presence of the letter Qāf – a voiceless uvular plosive which has no equivalent in European languages – the ويّي triphthong in the university's name, and the French colonization of Morocco have resulted in a number ...
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Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib al-Fihri in Ifriqiya (745–755) and Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri in Al-Andalus (747–756) ruled their dominions virtually independently of the Caliphate. For a moment, it seemed as if the Fihrids might succeed in turning the western half of the Islamic world into a private family empire.
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According to historical sources like al-Jazna'i, the mosque was founded in 859-860 (245 AH) by Maryam bint Mohammed bin Abdullah al-Fihri (sister of Fatima al-Fihri, who founded the Qarawiyyin Mosque at the same time).
Fatima al-Fihri, for example, is credited for founding the Karaouine mosque in Fes in 859, which in later centuries developed into the "world's first academic degree-granting institution of higher education". [11] Fatima's sister, Mariam al-Fihri, also founded the al-Andalus Mosque in Fes. [12]