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Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a bacterial disease of freshwater fish, specifically salmonid fish. It is caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum (previously classified in the genus Cytophaga ), [ 1 ] a psychrophilic , [ 2 ] gram-negative [ 2 ] rod-shaped bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae . [ 3 ]
Improve water quality. Aquarium salt baths can treat mild cases. Use anti-fungal meds if visible film/spores/tufts. Use gram-negative antibiotics otherwise. Columnaris: Flexibacter bacteria: All: Cottony growth near mouth and or patches of grayish-white film on the body or fins. Improve water conditions.
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are used in home aquaria and for fish production where water exchange is limited and the use of biofiltration is required to reduce ammonia toxicity. [1] Other types of filtration and environmental control are often also necessary to maintain clean water and provide a suitable habitat for fish. [ 2 ]
Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria; bacteriostatic antibiotics slow their growth or reproduction. Bactericidal antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis: the beta-lactam antibiotics ( penicillin derivatives ( penams ), cephalosporins ( cephems ), monobactams , and carbapenems ) and vancomycin .
The bacteria are ubiquitous in fresh water, and cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern – with disease most prevalent in air temperatures above 12–14 °C. Due to the appearance of bacterial clumps, it can be mistaken for a fungal infection. The disease is highly contagious, and the outcome is commonly fatal.
Greater flow rate of water through the gravel can be achieved via the use of water pump rather than air displacement. [1] Beneficial bacteria colonize the gravel bed and provide biological filtration, using the substrate of the aquarium itself as a biological filter. [9] [14] Undergravel filters can be detrimental to the health of aquatic ...
According to Dr. Kieser, a lot of work on Henneguya salminicola was done by scientists at the Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo in the mid-1980s, in particular, an overview report [36] which states that "the fish that have the longest fresh water residence time as juveniles have the most noticeable infections. Hence in order of prevalence ...
Penicillin and related β-lactam antibiotics cause the death of bacteria through enzyme-mediated lysis that occurs after the drug causes the bacterium to form a defective cell wall. [3] If the cell wall is completely lost and the penicillin was used on gram-positive bacteria , then the bacterium is referred to as a protoplast , but if ...