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Riau Lama then became the capital of the empire for 65 years, from 1722 to 1787. [1] The importance of Lingga began during the reign of Mahmud Shah III. In 1788, he relocated the capital from Riau Lama, Ulu Riau, Bintan to Daik, Lingga. [2] The Sultan did this as he believed that he was being reduced to a mere figurehead under the Dutch.
Aceh, Riau and Johor kingdoms and Northern Sumatra adopted the Javanese style kebaya as a means of social expression of status with the more alus or refined Javanese overlords. [ 4 ] Kebaya is usually worn during official national events by the Indonesian first lady, wives of Indonesian diplomats, and Indonesian women in general.
A traditional house in Mandailing Natal Regency.. The Mandailing (also known as Mandailing Batak) people are an ethnic group in Sumatra, Indonesia that is commonly associated with the Batak people.
The sole purpose of the Nias figures was to fulfil ritual needs, whether it is to ensure wealth or to perform specific beneficial rite. Niassan figures vary in size, from as small as 20 centimetres (7.9 in) in height to more than 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall. When an elderly person died, the family would make a wooden statue known as adu zatua.
Head or higher class Toba Batak man with his family in their home with the carved head of Toba Batak family "adathuis" or Roemah Adat Tapanoeli in North Sumatra, c. 1900 Dalihan Na Tolu (three-legged furnace) is the philosophy of life of the Batak people.
Despite being ruined and abandoned for almost 70 years, Penyengat has recently been restored. The old ruler's palace and royal tombs, among them the grave of the respected Raja Ali Haji, who also was creator and author of the first Malay Language grammar book, are among the legacies left by the Riau Sultanate. Still in use is the old vice-royal ...
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A modern Surau. A surau is an Islamic assembly building in some regions of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula used for worship and religious instruction. Generally smaller physical structures, its ritual functions are similar to those of a mosque, allow men and women, and are used more for religious instruction and festive prayers.