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The geologic temperature record are changes in Earth's environment as determined from geologic evidence on multi-million to billion (10 9) year time scales. The study of past temperatures provides an important paleoenvironmental insight because it is a component of the climate and oceanography of the time.
The Earth's average surface absolute temperature for the 1961–1990 period has been derived by spatial interpolation of average observed near-surface air temperatures from over the land, oceans and sea ice regions, with a best estimate of 14 °C (57.2 °F). [44] The estimate is uncertain, but probably lies within 0.5 °C of the true value. [44]
Earth has an albedo of about 0.306 and a solar irradiance (L / 4 π D 2) of 1361 W m −2 at its mean orbital radius of 1.5×10 8 km. The calculation with ε=1 and remaining physical constants then gives an Earth effective temperature of 254 K (−19 °C). [11] The actual temperature of Earth's surface is an average 288 K (15 °C) as of 2020. [12]
(The same increment as the Celsius scale) Thomson's best estimates at the time were that the temperature of freezing water was 273.7 K and the temperature of boiling water was 373.7 K. [33] These two properties would be featured in all future versions of the Kelvin scale, although it was not yet known by that name.
Kelvin (K) Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C) Réaumur (°Ré) Rømer (°Rø) Newton (°N) Delisle (°D) Absolute zero: Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth [1] Fahrenheit's ice/water/salt mixture: Melting point of ice (at standard pressure) Average surface temperature on Earth (15 °C) Average human body temperature (37 °C)
Earth cutaway from core to exosphere Geothermal drill machine in Wisconsin, USA. Temperature within Earth increases with depth. Highly viscous or partially molten rock at temperatures between 650 and 1,200 °C (1,200 and 2,200 °F) are found at the margins of tectonic plates, increasing the geothermal gradient in the vicinity, but only the outer core is postulated to exist in a molten or fluid ...
Recently analyzed satellite data reveals that the Lut Desert in Iran hit a global surface temperature record of 177.4 degrees Fahrenheit in 2018. Summers can be hot in Death Valley, California.
In 1862, Lord Kelvin calculated the age of the Earth at between 20 million and 400 million years by assuming that Earth had formed as a completely molten object, and determined the amount of time it would take for the near-surface to cool to its present temperature.