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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century.
People who died of bubonic plague in a mass grave from 1720 to 1721 in Martigues, France. Medieval society's increasing population was put to deadly halt when, in the Late Middle Ages, Europe experienced the deadliest disease outbreak in history. They called it the Great Dying or The Great Pestilence, later coined The Black Death. [19]
The mortality rate for the plague was 70–80% and in the first four years of the plague in Europe, roughly 20 million people died. [7] The main form of the Black Death was bubonic plague, however, there were other forms such as septicemic plague which infected the bloodstream, and pneumonic plague which infected the lungs. [7]
Bubonic plague 15–100 million 25–60% of European population [5] 541–549 North Africa, Europe, and Western Asia 3 HIV/AIDS pandemic: HIV/AIDS: 44 million (as of 2025) [a] 1981–present [6] Worldwide 1 Black Death: Bubonic plague: 25–50 million 30–60% of European population [7] 1346–1353 Europe, Asia, and North Africa 5 COVID-19 pandemic
Map showing the spread of the Black Death (bubonic plague) in Europe during the 1331–1351 pandemic which is believed to have started in China and spread west, reaching the Black Sea by 1347 Plague Riot in Moscow in 1771: During the course of the city's plague , between 50,000 and 100,000 died (1/6 to 1/3 of its population).
The Bubonic plague (also referred to as the “human plague” or simply “the plague”) has been detected in Oregon. The U.S. usually sees 10 or more cases of bubonic plague a year. Bubonic ...
The bubonic plague pandemic known as ... The Black Death in Norway is famously ... Of the 36.500 farms and 60.000 households that existed around the year 1300, ...