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Machine operators in Britain were mostly women into the early 1970s. [89] As these perceptions changed and computing became a high-status career, the field became more dominated by men. [90] [91] [92] Professor Janet Abbate, in her book Recoding Gender, writes: Yet women were a significant presence in the early decades of computing.
It covers the time when women worked as "human computers" and then as programmers of physical computers. Eventually, women programmers went on to write software, develop Internet technologies and other types of programming. Women have also been involved in computer science, various related types of engineering and computer hardware.
At least 200 women were hired by the Moore School of Engineering to work as "computers" [4] and six of them were chosen to be the programmers of ENIAC. Betty Holberton, Kay McNulty , Marlyn Wescoff , Ruth Lichterman , Betty Jean Jennings , and Fran Bilas , programmed the ENIAC to perform calculations for ballistics trajectories electronically ...
The British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group (BCS IRSG) in conjunction with the British Computer Society created an award in 2008 to commemorate the achievements of Karen Spärck Jones, a Professor Emerita of Computers and Information at the University of Cambridge and one of the most remarkable women in computer science.
Because the six people responsible for setting up problems on the ENIAC (the first general-purpose electronic digital computer built at the University of Pennsylvania during World War II) were drafted from a corps of human computers, the world's first professional computer programmers were women, namely: Kay McNulty, Betty Snyder, Marlyn ...
The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
[23] [24] The computers were programmed with a language called "Basic" (no relation to the BASIC programming language developed at Dartmouth at about the same time). [25] The software also had an interpreter which was made up of a series of routines and an executive (like a modern-day operating system ), which specified which programs to run ...
The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals.