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Microorganisms growing on an agar plate. Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. [1]
Sterilization (also spelled sterilisation) is any of a number of medical methods of permanent birth control that intentionally leaves a person unable to reproduce. Sterilization methods include both surgical and non-surgical options for both males and females. Sterilization procedures are intended to be permanent; reversal is generally difficult.
Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced or coerced sterilization, refers to any government-mandated program to involuntarily sterilize a specific group of people. Sterilization removes a person's capacity to reproduce, and is usually done by surgical or chemical means.
The 1978 Federal Sterilization Regulations, created by the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, or HEW (now the United States Department of Health and Human Services), outline a variety of prohibited sterilization practices that were often used previously to coerce or force women into sterilization. [146]
Sterilization may refer to: Sterilization (microbiology), killing or inactivation of micro-organisms; Soil steam sterilization, a farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses; Sterilization (medicine) renders a human unable to reproduce; Neutering is the surgical sterilization of animals
Often the term neuter[ing] is used to specifically mean castration, e.g. in phrases like "spay and neuter". Neutering is the most common method for animal sterilization . Humane societies , animal shelters , and rescue groups urge pet owners to have their pets neutered to prevent the births of unwanted litters , which contribute to the ...
Dowbiggin published the book The Sterilization Movement and Global Fertility in the Twentieth Century in 2008. Drawing on scholarly sources, the book is primarily an account of sterilization as used for the purposes of eugenics and population control, examples including the use of sterilization by European fascists and the Indian mass sterilization program carried out during the 1975–1977 ...
Electron beam processing is commonly used for sterilization. Electron beams are an on-off technology that provide a much higher dose rate than gamma or X-rays emitted by radioisotopes like cobalt-60 (60 Co) or caesium-137 (137 Cs). Due to the higher dose rate, less exposure time is required and polymer degradation is reduced.