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Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense is a logical argument developed by the American analytic philosopher Alvin Plantinga and published in its final version in his 1977 book God, Freedom, and Evil. [1] Plantinga's argument is a defense against the logical problem of evil as formulated by the philosopher J. L. Mackie beginning in 1955.
The problem of evil, in the context of karma, has been long discussed in Indian religions including Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, both in its theistic and non-theistic schools; for example, in Uttara Mīmāṃsā Sutras Book 2 Chapter 1; [146] [147] the 8th-century arguments by Adi Sankara in Brahmasutrabhasya where he posits that God cannot ...
Framed this way, the suffering of Hell is caused by free will and something God could not have prevented; or worse still is caused by the lack of free will, as God's omniscience—His knowing/determining all that will ever happen in His creation, including human acts of good and evil—makes free will impossible and souls predestined, but God ...
Book XIX: the end of the two cities, and the happiness of the people of Christ. Book XX: the prophecies of the Last Judgment in the Old and New Testaments. Book XXI: the eternal punishment for the city of the devil. Book XXII: the eternal happiness for the saints and explanations of the resurrection of the body.
According to Justin, it is the fallen angels and demons who incite such hatred and evil against the people of God - the ones who know the Son of God and have responded by faith to the Word of God. These demons are the spirits of those offspring born through union of fallen angels and women before the Flood and who were destroyed by the Flood.
The argument from reason is a transcendental argument against metaphysical naturalism and for the existence of God (or at least a supernatural being that is the source of human reason). The best-known defender of the argument is C. S. Lewis. Lewis first defended the argument at length in his 1947 book, Miracles: A Preliminary Study.
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") [1] is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity. [2]Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers ...
Lewis's trilemma is an apologetic argument traditionally used to argue for the divinity of Jesus by postulating that the only alternatives were that he was evil or mad. [1] One version was popularized by University of Oxford literary scholar and writer C. S. Lewis in a BBC radio talk and in his writings.