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Population structure (also called genetic structure and population stratification) is the presence of a systematic difference in allele frequencies between subpopulations. In a randomly mating (or panmictic ) population, allele frequencies are expected to be roughly similar between groups.
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure.
Genetic structure refers to any pattern in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population. [ 1 ] Genetic structure allows for information about an individual to be inferred from other members of the same population.
A demographic structure of a population is how populations are often quantified. The total number of individuals in a population is defined as a population size, and how dense these individuals are is defined as population density. There is also a population's geographic range, which has limits that a species can tolerate (such as temperature).
Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor.In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation to the next.
Population structure may refer to many aspectsof population ecology: Population structure (genetics), also called population stratification; Population pyramid;
The effective population size (N e) is the size of an idealised population that would experience the same rate of genetic drift as the real population. [1] Idealised populations are those following simple one- locus models that comply with assumptions of the neutral theory of molecular evolution .
The term population biology has been used with different meanings. In 1971, Edward O. Wilson et al. used the term in the sense of applying mathematical models to population genetics, community ecology, and population dynamics. [1] Alan Hastings used the term in 1997 as the title of his book on the mathematics used in population dynamics. [2]