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From the time of Peter the Great, forms of address in the Russian Empire had been well-codified, determined by a person’s title of honor, as well as military or civil rank (see Table of Ranks) and ecclesiastical order.
His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery or H.I.M. Own Chancellery (Russian: Собственная Его Императорского Величества канцелярия, Собственная Е.И.В. канцелярия) began as personal chancellery of Paul I and grew into a kind of regent's office, run by Count Arakcheyev from 1815 and until the death of Alexander I of Russia.
Marquise Grandee of Spain: The Most Ext The Marquise of Z (Excma. Sra. Marquesa de Z) e.g., The Most Ext The Marquise of Santa Cruz: Excelentísima Señora: Marquise or Doña Name: Count Grandee of Spain: The Most Ext The Count of Z (Excmo. Sr. Conde de Z) e.g., The Most Ext The Count of Latores: Excelentísimo Señor: Count or Don Name ...
[238] [note 33] Paul was the first tsar "for many generations" to legislate in favor of serfs, and this became a blueprint for his successors; after his reign, "whereas all rulers before Paul aided in intensifying the bondage of the serfs, each one thereafter made serious efforts" to help them. [240]
On 8 January 1801, Tsar Paul I signed a decree on the incorporation of Georgia (Kartli-Kakheti) within the Russian Empire, [37] [38] which was confirmed by Tsar Alexander I on 12 September 1801. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] The Georgian envoy in Saint Petersburg, Garsevan Chavchavadze , reacted with a note of protest that was presented to the Russian vice ...
Later, in 1772, at the court of the Tsar the German term Kammerherr was introduced. The Ober-Kammerherr was responsible for the audiences granted to members of the Royal Family . Since the beginning of the 18th century, the Ober-Kammerherr was the most senior appointed official of the Russian Imperial Court associated with the household of the ...
Paul I abolished Peter the Great's law that allowed each reigning emperor or empress to designate his or her successor and substituted a strict order of succession by proclaiming that the eldest son of the monarch would inherit the throne, followed by other dynasts according to primogeniture in the male line. [1] Paul thus implemented a semi ...
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