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  2. Thermal ellipsoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_ellipsoid

    This reactive compound is prepared by treatment of FClO 2 with the perfluoro-Lewis acid, SbF 5. [3] In crystallography, thermal ellipsoids, more formally termed atomic displacement parameters or anisotropic displacement parameters, are ellipsoids used to indicate the magnitudes and directions of the thermal vibration of atoms in crystal structures.

  3. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    [1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.

  4. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    X-ray crystallography is still the primary method for characterizing the atomic structure of materials and in differentiating materials that appear similar in other experiments. X-ray crystal structures can also help explain unusual electronic or elastic properties of a material, shed light on chemical interactions and processes, or serve as ...

  5. Characteristic X-ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_X-ray

    However, X-ray science has special terminology to describe the transition of electrons from upper to lower energy levels: traditional Siegbahn notation, or alternatively, simplified X-ray notation. In Siegbahn notation, when an electron falls from the L shell to the K shell, the X-ray radiation emitted is called a K-alpha (Kα) emission.

  6. Skeletal formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_formula

    The skeletal formula of the antidepressant drug escitalopram, featuring skeletal representations of heteroatoms, a triple bond, phenyl groups and stereochemistry. The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of ...

  7. Pole figure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_figure

    Consider the (x,y) plane of the reference basis; its trace on the sphere is the equator of the sphere. We draw a line joining the South pole with the pole of interest P. It is possible to choose any projection plane parallel to the equator (except the South pole): the figures will be proportional (property of similar triangles). It is usual to ...

  8. Molecular orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital

    The qualitative approach of MO analysis uses a molecular orbital diagram to visualize bonding interactions in a molecule. In this type of diagram, the molecular orbitals are represented by horizontal lines; the higher a line the higher the energy of the orbital, and degenerate orbitals are placed on the same level with a space between them.

  9. Square pyramidal molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_pyramidal_molecular...

    Structure of xenon oxytetrafluoride, an example of a molecule with the square pyramidal coordination geometry. Square pyramidal geometry describes the shape of certain chemical compounds with the formula ML 5 where L is a ligand. If the ligand atoms were connected, the resulting shape would be that of a pyramid with a square base.