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To meet criteria for ADHD diagnoses, one must have 6 positive responses to either the core 9 inattentive symptoms or core 9 hyperactive symptoms, or both. [ 7 ] Both the parent and the teacher versions ask the respondent to rate the frequency of a child's behaviors on a 0–3 scale as follows:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate. [9]
New disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) [20] for children up to age 18 years. [11] Premenstrual dysphoric disorder moved from an appendix for further study, and became a disorder. [11] Specifiers were added for mixed symptoms and for anxiety, along with guidance to physicians for suicidality. [11]
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
An alternate, widely used classification publication is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). [13] The ICD has a broader scope than the DSM, covering overall health as well as mental health; chapter 6 of the ICD specifically covers mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders.
The Conners Comprehensive Behaviour Rating Scale (CBRS), is a tool used to gain a better understanding of academic, behavioural and social issues that are seen in young children between ages 6 to 18 years old. It is frequently used to assist in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder .
The assessment largely serves the purpose of matching parent and teacher observations of ADHD symptoms to DSM-IV criteria of ADHD. [5] It was developed in tandem with the Academic Performance Rating Scale (APRS) to be used as a complementary system of identification for potential behavioral disorders in the classroom. [6]
It is difficult to say exactly how many children or adults worldwide have ADHD because different countries have used different ways of diagnosing it, while some do not diagnose it at all. In the UK, diagnosis is based on quite a narrow set of symptoms, and about 0.5–1% of children are thought to have attention or hyperactivity problems.