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In the nineteenth century, lobbying was mostly conducted at the state level, but in the twentieth century, there has been a marked rise in activity, particularly at the federal level in the past thirty years. While lobbying has generally been marked by controversy, there have been numerous court rulings protecting lobbying as free speech. At ...
Lobbying is a form of advocacy, which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary. [1] Lobbying involves direct, face-to-face contact and is carried out by various entities, including individuals acting as voters, constituents, or private citizens, corporations pursuing their business interests, nonprofits and NGOs ...
Some Lobby groups have considerable financial resources at their disposal. Lobbying is regulated to stop the worst abuses which can develop into corruption. In the United States the Internal Revenue Service makes a clear distinction between lobbying and advocacy. [18] Lobby groups spend considerable amounts of money on election advertising as well.
Robber baron is a term first applied as social criticism by 19th century muckrakers and others to certain wealthy, powerful, and unethical 19th-century American businessmen. The term appeared in that use as early as the August 1870 issue of The Atlantic Monthly [ 1 ] magazine.
The lyceum movement was a loose collection of adult education programs that flourished in the mid-19th century in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest, that were inspired by the classical Lyceum. [1] Some of these organizations lasted until the early 20th century.
Lobbying contact means "any oral or written communication (including an electronic communication) to a covered executive branch official or a covered legislative branch official". [28] Still, distinguishing lobbyists from a strategic adviser can be difficult, since the duties of each can often overlap and are hard to define precisely. [99]
Lobbying, the action or the group used to influence a viewpoint to politicians; Lobby (food), a thick stew made in Leigh, Greater Manchester and North Staffordshire, like Lancashire Hotpot; Lobby (band), a Slovak Eurodance band; The Lobby, (UK) parliamentary journalists receiving privileged political access in exchange for sourcing anonymity
A char or chare was a term (of work) in the sixteenth century, [4] which gave rise to the word being used as a prefix to denote people working in domestic service. The usage of "charwoman" was common in the mid-19th century, often appearing as an occupation in the UK census of 1841. It fell out of common use in the later decades of the 20th ...