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A cell during anaphase. Microtubules are visible in green. Stages of late M phase in a vertebrate cell. Anaphase (from Ancient Greek ἀνα-() ' back, backward ' and φάσις (phásis) ' appearance ') is the stage of mitosis after the process of metaphase, when replicated chromosomes are split and the newly-copied chromosomes (daughter chromatids) are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
The multiple centrosomes segregate to opposite ends of the cell and the spindles attach to the chromosomes haphazardly. When anaphase occurs in these cells, the chromosomes are separated abnormally and results in aneuploidy of both daughter cells. [2] This can lead to loss of cell viability [3] and chromosomal instability. [4]
Zirkle (in 1970) was one of the first researchers to observe that, when just one chromosome is retarded to arrive at the metaphase plate, anaphase onset is postponed until some minutes after its arrival. [5] This observation, together with similar ones, suggested that a control mechanism exists at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 February 2025. Process in which chromosomes are replicated and separated into two new identical nuclei For the type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms used to produce gametes, see Meiosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...
The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1] Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing.
M phase See mitosis. macromolecule Any very large molecule composed of dozens, hundreds, or thousands of covalently bonded atoms, especially one with biological significance. . Many important biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, are polymers consisting of a repeated series of smaller monomers; others such as lipids and carbohydrates may not be polymeric but are nevertheless large ...
Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANAPC1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] ANAPC1 is one of at least ten subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which functions at the metaphase -to- anaphase transition of the cell cycle and is regulated by spindle checkpoint proteins.
Astral rays are one variant of microtubule which comes out of the centrosome; others include kinetochore microtubules and polar microtubules. During mitosis, there are five stages of cell division: Prophase , Prometaphase , Metaphase , Anaphase , and Telophase .