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  2. Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the...

    The amendment serves as a limitation upon the state or federal government to impose unduly harsh penalties on criminal defendants before and after a conviction. This limitation applies equally to the price for obtaining pretrial release and the punishment for crime after conviction. [2]

  3. False imprisonment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_imprisonment

    False imprisonment does not require a literal prison, but a restriction of the claimant's freedom of movement (complete restraint). According to the Termes de la Ley , 'imprisonment is the restraint of a man's liberty, whether it be in the open field, or in the stocks, or in the cage in the streets or in a man's own house, as well as in the ...

  4. Criminal law of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_law_of_the_United...

    The federal government, the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and US territories such as Puerto Rico have their own penal codes. Statutes derive from the common law. For example, if a state's murder statute does not define "human being," its courts rely on the common-law definition. [7] [8

  5. Corporal punishment, restraint and seclusion as discipline ...

    www.aol.com/corporal-punishment-restraint...

    Restraint, a practice that reduces students’ ability to move, and seclusion, which involuntarily places children in isolation, can now only be used if a student or staff member is in imminent ...

  6. Keeping All Students Safe Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeping_All_Students_Safe_Act

    The Keeping All Students Safe Act or KASSA (H.R. 3474, S. 1858) is designed to protect children from the abuse of restraint and seclusion in school.The first Congressional bill was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on December 9, 2007, and named the Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act. [1]

  7. Strict scrutiny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_scrutiny

    In the United States, the standard is the highest and most stringent standard of judicial review and is part of the levels of judicial scrutiny that US courts use to determine whether a constitutional right or principle should give way to the government's interest against observance of the principle.

  8. Seclusion and restraint practices in the U.S. education system

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seclusion_and_restraint...

    Seclusion and restraint are often misused in both public and private schools causing severe injury and trauma for students. restraint and seclusion are often used as punishment for minor behavioral problems. [3] [4] These issues have caused people to call the practices a human rights issue, disabled rights issue, and civil rights issue. There ...

  9. Cruel and unusual punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruel_and_unusual_punishment

    The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that "cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted." The general principles that the United States Supreme Court relied on to decide whether or not a particular punishment was cruel and unusual were determined by Justice William Brennan. [5] In Furman v.