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FLAG provided a link between the European end of high-density transatlantic crossings and the Asian end of the transpacific crossings. [5] FLAG includes undersea cable segments, and two terrestrial crossings. The segments can be either direct point-to-point links, or multi-point links, which are attained through branching units.
EAC-C2C – (East Asia Crossing/C2C) (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Philippines, Vietnam, Guam, USA) Eagle – (Japan-USA) – planned EASSy – (an East Africa Submarine Cable System with endpoints in South Africa and the Sudan)
They are significant providers of internet connection globally: 99% of international communications go through submarine fibre optic cables, [1] as well as US$10 trillion of financial transactions every day. [2] The European Union (EU), in particular, has a strong need for connection, since 87% of EU citizens were internet users in 2021. [3]
Atlantic Crossing 1 (AC-1) is an optical submarine telecommunications cable system linking the United States and three European countries. It transports speech and data traffic between the U.S., the U.K., the Netherlands and Germany. [ 1 ]
To be a viable alternative, a fiber-optic cable would have to be able to withstand temperatures of −80 °C (−112 °F) as well as massive strain from ice flowing up to 10 metres (33 ft) per year. Thus, plugging into the larger Internet backbone with the high bandwidth afforded by fiber-optic cable is still an as-yet infeasible economic and ...
When the first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1858 by Cyrus West Field, it operated for only three weeks; a subsequent attempt in 1866 was more successful. [citation needed] On July 13, 1866 the cable laying ship Great Eastern sailed out of Valentia Island, Ireland and on July 27 landed at Heart's Content in Newfoundland, completing the first lasting connection across the Atlantic.
PEC or Pan European Crossing is a fibre optic cable network that links the European Union and the United Kingdom. It has a submarine telecommunications cable system segment crossing the English Channel linking the United Kingdom, Belgium, and France. One cable has landing points in: Dumpton Gap, Broadstairs, Kent, United Kingdom
Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) is an optical-fiber submarine cable system serving 24 countries on the Europe , west coast and south Africa, managed by a consortium of 20 members. The ACE cable connects more than 450 million people, either directly for coastal countries or through land links for landlocked countries such as Mali and Niger .