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  2. Money multiplier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_multiplier

    In some simplified expositions, the monetary multiplier is presented as simply the reciprocal of the reserve ratio, if any, required by the central bank. More generally, the multiplier will depend on the preferences of households , the legal regulation and the business policies of commercial banks - factors which the central bank can influence ...

  3. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.

  4. PageRank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PageRank

    The university received 1.8 million shares of Google in exchange for use of the patent; it sold the shares in 2005 for $336 million. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] PageRank was influenced by citation analysis , early developed by Eugene Garfield in the 1950s at the University of Pennsylvania, and by Hyper Search , developed by Massimo Marchiori at the ...

  5. Special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity

    In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time.In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates: [p 1] [1] [2]

  6. Sucrose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose

    Sucrose crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 with room-temperature lattice parameters a = 1.08631 nm, b = 0.87044 nm, c = 0.77624 nm, β = 102.938°. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The purity of sucrose is measured by polarimetry , through the rotation of plane-polarized light by a sugar solution.

  7. Voltage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage

    The SI unit of work per unit charge is the joule per coulomb, where 1 volt = 1 joule (of work) per 1 coulomb of charge. [citation needed] The old SI definition for volt used power and current; starting in 1990, the quantum Hall and Josephson effect were used, [10] and in 2019 physical constants were given defined values for the definition of all SI units.

  8. Gaokao - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaokao

    In 2006, a record high of 9.5 million people applied for tertiary education entry in China. Of these, 8.8 million (93%) took the Gaokao and 27,600 (0.28%) were exempted as these students demonstrated exceptional merit in the quality of their work and understanding of the academic subjects. Out of the 9.5 million applicants, 5,460,500 (57.48% ...

  9. Gini coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient

    The Italian statistician Corrado Gini developed the Gini coefficient and published it in his 1912 paper Variabilità e mutabilità (English: variability and mutability). [16] [17] Building on the work of American economist Max Lorenz, Gini proposed using the difference between the hypothetical straight line depicting perfect equality and the actual line depicting people's incomes as a measure ...