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The particular take-off distance required may be shorter than the available runway length. In this case a lower thrust may be used. Lower thrust settings increase engine life and reduce maintenance costs. The take-off thrust available from a civil engine is a constant value up to a particular ambient temperature.
The team then put those temperatures and headwinds into an aircraft takeoff performance calculator for a variety of different aircraft types, including the Airbus A320 – one of the most popular ...
Max take-off weight, full power Boeing 747-8: 0.269 Max take-off weight, full power Boeing 777-200ER: 0.285 Max take-off weight, full power Boeing 737 MAX 8: 0.311 Max take-off weight, full power Airbus A320neo: 0.310 Max take-off weight, full power Boeing 757-200: 0.341 Max take-off weight, full power (w/Rolls-Royce RB211) Tupolev 154B: 0.360
In discussions of the takeoff performance of military aircraft, the term V ref stands for refusal speed. Refusal speed is the maximum speed during takeoff from which the air vehicle can stop within the available remaining runway length for a specified altitude, weight, and configuration. [ 19 ]
The takeoff decision speed V 1 is the fastest speed at which the pilot must take the first actions to reject the takeoff (e.g. reduce thrust, apply brakes, deploy speed brakes). At speeds below V 1 the aircraft can be brought to a halt before the end of the runway. At V 1 and above, the pilot should continue the takeoff even if an emergency is ...
A headwind will reduce the ground speed needed for takeoff, as there is a greater flow of air over the wings. Typical takeoff air speeds for jetliners are in the range of 240–285 km/h (130–154 kn; 149–177 mph). Light aircraft, such as a Cessna 150, take off at around 100 km/h (54 kn; 62 mph). Ultralights have even lower takeoff speeds.
An aircraft must also take off at a reduced weight in hotter or more humid conditions (see density altitude). In the worst case, this is colloquially referred to as hot and high operation, among the most challenging conditions for takeoff performance. Most commercial aircraft carry manufacturer's tables showing the adjustments required for a ...
The maximum takeoff weight (also known as the maximum brake-release weight) is the maximum weight authorised at brake release for takeoff, or at the start of the takeoff roll. The maximum takeoff weight is always less than the maximum taxi/ramp weight to allow for fuel burned during taxi by the engines and the APU.