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Monarda clinopodia, commonly known as white bergamot, basil bee balm or white bee balm, is a perennial wildflower in the mint family, Lamiaceae. This species is native to North America, ranging north from New York, west to Missouri, and south to Georgia and Alabama. [1] M. clinopodia has also been introduced into Vermont and Massachusetts. [2]
Melittis melissophyllum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. Its common name is bastard balm. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Melittis. [2] The genus name is derived from the Greek melitta, which is in turn from melissa ("a bee"). [3] Subspecies [1] Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida (Guss.)
The Winnebago used a bee balm tisane as a general stimulant. Bee balm was also used as a carminative herb by Native Americans to prevent excessive flatulence. [8] Although somewhat bitter due to the thymol content in the leaves and buds, the plant tastes like a mix of spearmint and peppermint with oregano. Bee balm was traditionally used by ...
Monarda fistulosa, the wild bergamot or bee balm, [3] is a wildflower in the mint family Lamiaceae, widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America. [4] This plant, with showy summer-blooming pink to lavender flowers, is often used as a honey plant , medicinal plant , and garden ornamental . [ 5 ]
M. didyma is a perennial plant that grows to 0.6–1.2 metres (2–4 feet) in height and spreads 0.4–0.6 m (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 –2 ft). The medium to deep green leaves are 7–15 centimetres (3–6 inches) long, shaped ovate to ovate-lanceolate, with serrate margins, placed opposite on square, hollow stems.
The florets are white or pink, curved, about 1 in (2.5 cm) long, with a narrow tube and upper lip and a slightly wider lower lip speckled with purple. The flowers usually bloom in late spring and early summer. The seed is a nutlet that can be dispersed by the wind, and the plant can also spread by vegetative growth from rhizomes. [2]
The plant contains thymol, an antiseptic and fungicide. [ 3 ] Unlike the most familiar Monarda species that have a single flower head on a stem, Monarda punctata has flowers that are stacked up the stem with bracts radiating from the stem, under each flower.
Mechanisms that have been scientifically verified include using strongly aromatic plants to deter pests; using companions to hide crops from pests; providing plants as nurseries for beneficial insects including predators and parasitoids; trap cropping; [6] and allelopathy, where a plant inhibits the growth of other species. [7]