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The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
Endourology is the branch of urology that deals with the closed manipulation of the urinary tract. [19] It has lately grown to include all minimally invasive urologic surgical procedures. As opposed to open surgery, endourology is performed using small cameras and instruments inserted into the urinary tract.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections that affect part of the urinary tract. [8] When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as a kidney infection (pyelonephritis). [9] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with ...
Urinary retention is a disorder treated in a hospital, and the quicker one seeks treatment, the fewer the complications. [citation needed] In the longer term, obstruction of the urinary tract may cause: [citation needed] Bladder stones; Atrophy of the detrusor muscle (atonic bladder is an extreme form) Hydronephrosis (congestion of the kidneys)
Urinary tract obstruction is a urologic disease consisting of a decrease in the free passage of urine through one or both ureters and/or the urethra. It is a cause of urinary retention . Complete obstruction of the urinary tract requires prompt treatment for renal preservation. [ 1 ]
Unlike the urinary bladder of vertebrates, the urinary bladder of crustaceans both stores and modifies urine. [50] The bladder consists of two sets of lateral and central lobes. The central lobes sit near the digestive organs and the lateral lobes extend along the front and sides of the crustacean's body cavity. [50]
The urinary bladder is formed partly from the endodermal cloaca and partly from the ends of the Wolffian ducts. In other words, the allantois takes no share in its formation. After the separation of the rectum from the dorsal part of the cloaca, the ventral part becomes the primary urogenital sinus . [ 2 ]