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Activation of the GLP-1 receptor promotes feelings of satiety, leading to a reduction in food intake and improved weight management. Gastric emptying': GLP-1 receptor activation slows down the rate at which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. This delay in gastric emptying contributes to the feeling of fullness and aids ...
Combination GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists provide the thermogenic benefits of glucagon activation while almost eliminating hyperglycemia induced by glucagon receptor activation. Several such drugs have reached human trials for obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but adverse effects have hampered development.
As GLP-1 binds to GLP-1 receptors expressed on the pancreatic β cells, the receptors couple to G-protein subunits and activate adenylate cyclase that increases the production of cAMP from ATP. [3] Subsequently, activation of secondary pathways, including PKA and Epac2 , alters the ion channel activity causing elevated levels of cytosolic Ca 2 ...
A large study of more than 2 million people evaluated GLP-1 agonists' benefits and risks. The study showed that GLP-1 agonists reduced risk of substance use and psychotic disorders, seizures, neurocognitive disorders (including Alzheimer’s disease and dementia), coagulation disorders, cardiometabolic disorders, infectious illnesses, and several respiratory conditions. [5]
VK2735 is a dual agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and GIP receptor, with a similar mechanism of action as tirzepatide, which acts on the same receptors. It is injectable and is being developed by Viking Therapeutics. [1] [2] [3]
Dulaglutide, sold under the brand name Trulicity among others, [8] is a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in combination with diet and exercise. [9] [10] It is also approved in the United States for the reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes who have established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist) also known as incretin mimetics. [7] It works by increasing insulin release from the pancreas and decreases excessive glucagon release. [7] Exenatide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2005. [7]
Indole itself triggers the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in intestinal L cells and acts as a ligand for AhR. [2] Indole can also be metabolized by the liver into indoxyl sulfate, a compound that is toxic in high concentrations and associated with vascular disease and renal dysfunction. [2]