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Aerodynamic heating is the heating of a solid body produced by its high-speed passage through air. In science and engineering, an understanding of aerodynamic heating is necessary for predicting the behaviour of meteoroids which enter the Earth's atmosphere, to ensure spacecraft safely survive atmospheric reentry, and for the design of high-speed aircraft and missiles.
The Lockheed CL-1201 was a design study by Lockheed for a large 6,000 ton nuclear-powered transport aircraft in the late 1960s. One envisioned use of the concept was as an airborne aircraft carrier.
The North American P-51 Mustang makes significant use of the Meredith effect in its belly radiator design. [1]The Meredith effect is a phenomenon whereby the aerodynamic drag produced by a cooling radiator may be offset by careful design of the cooling duct such that useful thrust is produced by the expansion of the hot air in the duct.
The Fay-Riddell equation is widely used in the design and analysis of thermal protection systems for re-entry vehicles. [3] [4] [5] It provides engineers with a crucial tool for estimating the severe aerodynamic heating conditions encountered during atmospheric entry and for designing appropriate thermal protection measures.
The aircraft design process is a loosely defined method used to balance many competing and demanding requirements to produce an aircraft that is strong, lightweight, economical and can carry an adequate payload while being sufficiently reliable to safely fly for the design life of the aircraft.
The wing and controls had a wedge-shaped profile. Due to the aerodynamic heating of the nose of the apparatus and the leading edges of the bearing and steering surfaces were made of graphite. The glider was made of stainless steel. A series of five experimental aircraft was laid. In 1960, the first aircraft was manufactured.
The first manufactured object to achieve hypersonic flight was the two-stage Bumper rocket, consisting of a WAC Corporal second stage set on top of a V-2 first stage. In February 1949, at White Sands, the rocket reached a speed of 8,290 km/h (5,150 mph), or about Mach 6.7. [2]
In aerodynamics, the flight envelope, service envelope, or performance envelope of an aircraft or spacecraft refers to the capabilities of a design in terms of airspeed and load factor or atmospheric density, often simplified to altitude. [1] [2] The term is somewhat loosely applied, and can also refer to other measurements such as maneuverability.