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  2. Fuller's earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuller's_earth

    The English name reflects the historical use of the material for fulling (cleaning and shrinking) wool, by textile workers known as fullers. [1] [2] [3] In past centuries, fullers kneaded fuller's earth and water into woollen cloth to absorb lanolin, oils, and other greasy impurities as part of the cloth finishing process.

  3. Expanded clay aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_clay_aggregate

    Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) or expanded clay (exclay) is a lightweight aggregate made by heating clay to around 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) in a rotary kiln. The heating process causes gases trapped in the clay to expand, forming thousands of small bubbles and giving the material a porous structure.

  4. Grog (clay) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grog_(clay)

    Grog, temper for clay. Grog, also known as firesand and chamotte, is a raw material usually made from crushed and ground potsherds, reintroduced into crude clay to temper it before making ceramic ware. It has a high percentage of silica and alumina. It is normally available as a powder or chippings, and is an important ingredient in Coade stone.

  5. Crayola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayola

    A selection of Crayola products for sale at a New York City art supply store, July 2009. Crayola LLC produces a broad range of products other than their famous crayons under the Crayola brand name. These include colored pencils, markers, inks and paints, modeling clays, coloring books, and artists' tools. As with all Crayola products, these are ...

  6. Clay mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_mineral

    Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces. Clay minerals form in the presence of water [1] and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis ...

  7. Diatomaceous earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth

    Bann clay is the variety found in the Lower Bann valley in Northern Ireland. Moler ( mo-clay ) is the variety found in northwestern Denmark, especially on the islands of Fur and Mors . Freshwater-derived food grade diatomaceous earth is the type used in United States agriculture for grain storage, as feed supplement, and as an insecticide.

  8. Modelling clay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelling_clay

    Paper clay produced by pottery clay manufacturers is a clay body to which a small percentage of processed cellulose fiber has been added. When kiln-fired, the paper burns out, leaving the clay body. Consequently, the firing temperatures and glazes selection should be the same on those used with the clay body.

  9. Bentonite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite

    Bentonite layers from an ancient deposit of weathered volcanic ash tuff in Wyoming Gray shale and bentonites (Benton Shale; Colorado Springs, Colorado). Bentonite (/ ˈ b ɛ n t ə n aɪ t / BEN-tə-nyte) [1] [2] is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Na-montmorillonite or Ca-montmorillonite.