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The concept of interoception was introduced in 1906 by the Nobel Laureate Sir Charles S. Sherrington.He did not use the noun interoception, but did describe as interoceptive [12] those receptors that are within the viscera—what are today called "visceroceptive"—and thus excluded all other receptors and information from the body, which he grouped as either exteroceptive or proprioceptive.
The process of identifying signal transduction in interoceptors such as the peripheral chemoreceptors requires moving backward from membrane depolarization to discover the previous steps, often internal to the cell, that transduces blood chemicals to a neural signal.
The interoceptors provide information ... and the subsequent driving an active straightening process are ... was then found to be involved in other tropisms and ...
This process, called nociception, usually causes the perception of pain. [23] [24] They are found in internal organs as well as on the surface of the body to "detect and protect". [24] Nociceptors detect different kinds of noxious stimuli indicating potential for damage, then initiate neural responses to withdraw from the stimulus. [24]
Nociceptors respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the spinal cord and brain. This process, called nociception, usually causes the perception of pain. [16] They are found in internal organs, as well as on the surface of the body. Nociceptors detect different kinds of damaging stimuli or actual damage.
In the somatosensory system the sensory transduction mainly involves the conversion of the mechanical signal such as pressure, skin compression, stretch, vibration to electro-ionic impulses through the process of mechanotransduction. [10] It also includes the sensory transduction related to thermoception and nociception.
The nerve endings of sensory neurons that respond preferentially to cooling are found in moderate density in the skin but also occur in relatively high spatial density in the cornea, tongue, bladder, and facial skin [citation needed]. The speculation is that lingual cold receptors deliver information that modulates the sense of taste; i.e. some ...
Lip reading is a multimodal process for humans. [2] By watching movements of lips and face, humans get conditioned and practice lip reading. [2] Silent lip reading activates the auditory cortex. When sounds are matched or mismatched with the movements of the lips, temporal sulcus of the left hemisphere becomes more active. [2]