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Lithium toxicity, also known as lithium overdose, is the condition of having too much lithium. Symptoms may include a tremor, increased reflexes, trouble walking, kidney problems, and an altered level of consciousness. Some symptoms may last for a year after levels return to normal. Complications may include serotonin syndrome. [1]
Although recommended by treatment guidelines for the treatment of depression in bipolar disorder, the evidence that lithium is superior to placebo for acute depression is low-quality; [21] [22] atypical antipsychotics are considered more effective for treating acute depressive episodes. [23]
John Frederick Joseph Cade AO [1] [2] [3] (18 January 1912 – 16 November 1980) was an Australian psychiatrist who in 1948 discovered the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder, then known as manic depression.
As a result, kidney function and blood levels of lithium are monitored in patients being treated with lithium. [2] Therapeutic plasma levels of lithium range from 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L, with levels of 0.8 or higher being desirable in acute mania. [14] Lithium levels should be above 0.6 mEq/L to reduce both manic and depressive episodes in patients. [15]
Lithium toxicity arises from overdose of lithium-containing drugs. [26] Mercury poisoning came into sharp focus with the discovery of Minamata disease, named for the Japanese city of Minamata. In 1956, a factory in that city released of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater resulting in thousands of deaths and many other health problems. [27]
Between 1995 and 1999, the country reduced overdose deaths by 79 percent as buprenorphine use in treatment became widely accepted. The medication, along with methadone treatment and needle exchange initiatives, also helped cut in half the HIV rate among intravenous drug users.
Lithium-induced nephrogenic DI may be effectively managed with the administration of amiloride, a potassium-sparing diuretic often used in conjunction with thiazide or loop diuretics. Clinicians have been aware of lithium toxicity for many years, and traditionally have administered thiazide diuretics for lithium-induced polyuria and nephrogenic ...
Unstable mental health, depression, suicidal thoughts and addiction to drugs and alcohol affect people of every age, every ethnicity, and every demographic group in every country in the world. However, data show that in recent years these problems are on the rise, especially among the US White non-Hispanic men and women in midlife.