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  2. Lever rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever_rule

    In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (x i) or the mass fraction (w i) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram.It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.

  3. Phase-type distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-type_distribution

    Consider a continuous-time Markov process with m + 1 states, where m ≥ 1, such that the states 1,...,m are transient states and state 0 is an absorbing state. Further, let the process have an initial probability of starting in any of the m + 1 phases given by the probability vector (α 0,α) where α 0 is a scalar and α is a 1 × m vector.

  4. CALPHAD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CALPHAD

    [4] [5] [6] The CALPHAD approach is based on the fact that a phase diagram is a manifestation of the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the system, which are the sum of the properties of the individual phases. [7] It is thus possible to calculate a phase diagram by first assessing the thermodynamic properties of all the phases in a system.

  5. Phase rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_rule

    In thermodynamics, the phase rule is a general principle governing multi-component, multi-phase systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.For a system without chemical reactions, it relates the number of freely varying intensive properties (F) to the number of components (C), the number of phases (P), and number of ways of performing work on the system (N): [1] [2] [3]: 123–125

  6. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    The phase diagram shows, in pressure–temperature space, the lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries between the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas. The curves on the phase diagram show the points where the free energy (and other derived properties) becomes non-analytic: their derivatives with respect to the coordinates (temperature and ...

  7. Phase (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(waves)

    In-phase signals Out-of-phase signals Representation of phase comparison. [3] Left: the real part of a plane wave moving from top to bottom. Right: the same wave after a central section underwent a phase shift, for example, by passing through a glass of different thickness than the other parts.

  8. Method of averaging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_averaging

    Figure 3: Phase space of a Van der Pol oscillator with =. The stable limit cycle (orange solid line) in the system is captured correctly by the qualitative analysis of the averaged system. The stable limit cycle (orange solid line) in the system is captured correctly by the qualitative analysis of the averaged system.

  9. Linear phase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_phase

    In signal processing, linear phase is a property of a filter where the phase response of the filter is a linear function of frequency.The result is that all frequency components of the input signal are shifted in time (usually delayed) by the same constant amount (the slope of the linear function), which is referred to as the group delay.