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The sublingual route may also be used for vaccines against various infectious diseases. Thus, preclinical studies have found that sublingual vaccines can be highly immunogenic and may protect against influenza virus [4] [5] and Helicobacter pylori, [6] but sublingual administration may also be used for vaccines against other infectious diseases.
Epicutaneous (application onto the skin). It can be used both for local effect as in allergy testing and typical local anesthesia, as well as systemic effects when the active substance diffuses through skin in a transdermal route. Sublingual and buccal medication administration is a way of giving someone medicine orally (by mouth).
The buccal mucosa, along with the gingival and sublingual mucosa, is part of the oral mucosa. [15] It is composed of non-keratinised tissue. Unlike intestinal and nasal mucosae, it lacks tight junctions and is instead equipped with loose intercellular links of desmosomes, gap junctions and hemidesmosomes. [7]
Methods of administration include oral, sublingual (dissolving the drug under the tongue), and rectal. Parenteral administration is via a peripheral or central vein. [1] In pharmacology, the route of drug administration is important because it affects drug metabolism, drug clearance, and thus dosage. The term is from Greek enteros 'intestine'.
Evaluating the systemic transmucosal drug delivery, the buccal mucosa is the preferred region as compared to the sublingual mucosa. Oral Thin Films (Oral Dissolvable Strips) address several of the disadvantages of tablets or capsules such as dysphagia or the inability to adjust dosing to patient parameters, often resulting to a lack of ...
Buccal, dissolved inside the cheek; Sublabial, dissolved under the lip; Sublingual administration (SL), dissolved under the tongue, but due to rapid absorption many consider SL a parenteral route; Oral (PO), swallowed tablet, capsule or liquid; Enteral medications come in various forms, including [3] oral solid dosage (OSD) forms: [4]
Estradiol can be taken by a variety of different routes of administration. [10] These include oral, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, transdermal (gels, creams, patches), vaginal (tablets, creams, rings, suppositories), rectal, by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection (in oil or aqueous), and as a subcutaneous implant. [10]
Drug delivery is a concept heavily integrated with dosage form and route of administration, the latter sometimes being considered part of the definition. [9] While route of administration is often used interchangeably with drug delivery, the two are separate concepts.