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This is a list of two-dimensional geometric shapes in Euclidean and other geometries. For mathematical objects in more dimensions, see list of mathematical shapes. For a broader scope, see list of shapes.
2D Cantor dust: Cantor set in 2 dimensions. 1.2619: 2D L-system branch: L-Systems branching pattern having 4 new pieces scaled by 1/3. Generating the pattern using statistical instead of exact self-similarity yields the same fractal dimension. Calculated: 1.2683: Julia set z 2 − 1: Julia set of f(z) = z 2 − 1. [9] 1.3057
The terms fractal dimension and fractal were coined by Mandelbrot in 1975, [16] about a decade after he published his paper on self-similarity in the coastline of Britain. . Various historical authorities credit him with also synthesizing centuries of complicated theoretical mathematics and engineering work and applying them in a new way to study complex geometries that defied description in ...
In mathematics, a fractal is a geometric shape containing detailed structure at arbitrarily small scales, usually having a fractal dimension strictly exceeding the topological dimension. Many fractals appear similar at various scales, as illustrated in successive magnifications of the Mandelbrot set.
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Shape descriptors can be classified by their invariance with respect to the transformations allowed in the associated shape definition. Many descriptors are invariant with respect to congruency, meaning that congruent shapes (shapes that could be translated, rotated and mirrored) will have the same descriptor (for example moment or spherical harmonic based descriptors or Procrustes analysis ...
Fractal branching of trees. Fractal analysis is assessing fractal characteristics of data.It consists of several methods to assign a fractal dimension and other fractal characteristics to a dataset which may be a theoretical dataset, or a pattern or signal extracted from phenomena including topography, [1] natural geometric objects, ecology and aquatic sciences, [2] sound, market fluctuations ...
However, in the muon's frame, the effect is explained by the atmosphere being contracted, shortening the trip. [ 19 ] Heavy ions that are spherical when at rest should assume the form of "pancakes" or flat disks when traveling nearly at the speed of light — and in fact, the results obtained from particle collisions can only be explained ...