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Similarly, for works that use larger pieces of stone or tile, opus sectile may be used. Pietra dura is essentially stone marquetry. As a high expression of lapidary art, it is closely related to the art of jewellery. It can also be considered a branch of sculpture because three-dimensionality can be achieved, as with a bas relief. [7]
Scagliola developed in Italy to imitate pietra dura inlays on plaster; less elaborate forms are called marbleizing. Medieval illuminated manuscripts often imitated both inlaid stone and engraved gems, and after printing took over paper marbling continued as a manual craft for decorating end-papers and covers.
Italian scagliola top, second half of the 18th century. Scagliola (from the Italian scaglia, meaning "chips") is a type of fine plaster used in architecture and sculpture.The same term identifies the technique for producing columns, sculptures, and other architectural elements that resemble inlays in marble. [1]
De Gournay also debuted Pietra Dura, a hand painted interpretation of stone marquetry common in 16th- and 17th-century Florentine courts. From left: de Gournay, Designers Guild, Osborne & Little ...
Opus sectile is a form of pietra dura popularized in the ancient and medieval Roman world where materials were cut and inlaid into walls and floors to make a picture or pattern. Common materials were marble, mother of pearl, and glass. The materials were cut in thin pieces, polished, then trimmed further according to a chosen pattern.
After the end of the 19th century, the institute's activities moved away from the production of works of art and towards its restoration. At first specialising in hardstone carving, in which the workshops were a world authority, and then later expanding into other related fields (stone and marble sculptures, bronzes, and ceramics).
[14] [15] Pietra dura is the usual term in Europe for detailed inlays in contrasting colours of stones, including many semi-precious types; parchin kari is an Indian term. Pietra dura developed from the Roman opus sectile , which was typically used on a larger scale, especially in floors.
Beautiful, floral, and stylized arabesque (spandrel and interior), geometrical designs (parapet and jali), opus sectile mosaic with (stones, tiles, glass and enamel) and slices of pietra dura inlay (of semi-precious stones) have been decorated on the whole exterior in inlay and mosaic techniques, in various pleasing tints and tones.