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Other lenses for the Contax included the Biotar, Biogon, Orthometar, and various Tessars and Triotars. The last important Zeiss innovation before the Second World War was the technique of applying anti-reflective coating to lens surfaces invented by Olexander Smakula in 1935. [8] A lens so treated was marked with a red "T", short for "Transparent".
In photography, stopping down refers to increasing the numerical f-stop number (for example, going from f / 2 to f / 4), which decreases the size (diameter) of the aperture of a lens, resulting in reducing the amount of light entering the iris of a lens. [1] [2]: 112 Reducing the aperture size increases the depth of field of the image.
Zoom lenses (i.e. lenses of variable focal length) involve additional compromises and therefore normally do not match the performance of prime lenses. When a camera lens is focused to project an object some distance away onto the film or detector, the objects that are closer in distance, relative to the distant object, are also approximately in ...
Different kinds of camera lenses, including wide angle, telephoto and speciality. A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses (compound lens) used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
Objects close to the lens appear abnormally large relative to more distant objects, and distant objects appear abnormally small and hence farther away – distances are extended. Compression, long-lens, or telephoto distortion can be seen in images shot from a distance using a long focus lens or the more common telephoto sub-type (with an angle ...
Alternatively, if the lens is focused on the background, the background will be properly exposed, leaving the subject in the foreground typically overexposed. This technique requires both a camera capable of calculating the distance information, as well as the lens being capable of communicating the focal distance to the body.
However, for the record: the first autofocus lens for a still camera was the Konishiroku Konica Hexanon 38mm f/2.8 [171] built into the Konica C35 AF (1977, Japan) 35mm point-and-shoot; the first autofocus lens for an SLR camera was the unnamed 116mm f/8 [172] built into the Polaroid SX-70 Sonar (1978, USA) instant film SLR; the first ...
A flat-field image is acquired by imaging a uniformly-illuminated screen, thus producing an image of uniform color and brightness across the frame. For handheld cameras, the screen could be a piece of paper at arm's length, but a telescope will frequently image a clear patch of sky at twilight, when the illumination is uniform and there are few ...