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  2. Celestial navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation

    A diagram of a typical nautical sextant, a tool used in celestial navigation to measure the angle between two objects viewed by means of its optical sight. Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the ...

  3. Dead reckoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_reckoning

    Printed tables, formulae, or an E6B flight computer are used to calculate the effects of air density on aircraft rate of climb, rate of fuel burn, and airspeed. [9] A course line is drawn on the aeronautical chart along with estimated positions at fixed intervals (say every half hour). Visual observations of ground features are used to obtain ...

  4. Aeronautical chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautical_chart

    An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in the navigation of aircraft, much as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap does for drivers. Using these charts and other tools, pilots are able to determine their position, safe altitude, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landing areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful ...

  5. Sextant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextant

    The frame of a sextant is in the shape of a sector which is approximately 1 ⁄ 6 of a circle (60°), [2] hence its name (sextāns, sextantis is the Latin word for "one sixth"). "). Both smaller and larger instruments are (or were) in use: the octant, quintant (or pentant) and the (doubly reflecting) quadrant [3] span sectors of approximately 1 ⁄ 8 of a circle (45°), 1 ⁄ 5 of a circle (72 ...

  6. Marker beacon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker_beacon

    A marker beacon is a particular type of VHF radio beacon used in aviation, usually in conjunction with an instrument landing system (ILS), to give pilots a means to determine position along an established route to a destination such as a runway.

  7. Heading (navigation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heading_(navigation)

    If a navigator is west of the agonic line, then the variation is eastward; the Magnetic North Pole appears to the east of the Geographic North Pole. The farther the navigator is from the agonic line, the greater the variation. The local magnetic variation is indicated on NOAA nautical charts at the center of the compass rose. The magnetic ...

  8. Hay Guide Chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay_Guide_Chart

    A criticism levelled against the Hay Guide Chart is that the choice of factors is skewed towards traditional management values: "The Hay system consistently values male-dominated management functions over non-management functions more likely to be performed by women.” [2]

  9. Chart datum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart_datum

    A chart datum is the water level surface serving as origin of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum. [1] Common chart datums are lowest astronomical tide (LAT) [1] and mean lower low water (MLLW).