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In fixed pass-through or GPU pass-through (a special case of PCI pass-through), a GPU is accessed directly by a single virtual machine exclusively and permanently. This technique achieves 96–100% of native performance [ 3 ] and high fidelity, [ 1 ] but the acceleration provided by the GPU cannot be shared between multiple virtual machines.
It requires an external pass-through VGA cable hooked up from the 2D card into the Voodoo card’s passthrough VGA port. [1] [2] [3] The Voodoo2's third chip was a second TMU that allows a second texture to be drawn during the same graphics engine pass, and thus with no performance penalty.
AMD CrossFire (also known as CrossFireX) is a brand name for the multi-GPU technology by Advanced Micro Devices, originally developed by ATI Technologies. [1] The technology allows up to four GPUs to be used in a single computer to improve graphics performance.
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU, or less often GPGP) is the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU), which typically handles computation only for computer graphics, to perform computation in applications traditionally handled by the central processing unit (CPU).
A modern consumer graphics card: A Radeon RX 6900 XT from AMD. A graphics card (also called a video card, display card, graphics accelerator, graphics adapter, VGA card/VGA, video adapter, display adapter, or colloquially GPU) is a computer expansion card that generates a feed of graphics output to a display device such as a monitor.
ROCm is free, libre and open-source software (except the GPU firmware blobs [4]), and it is distributed under various licenses. ROCm initially stood for Radeon Open Compute platfor m ; however, due to Open Compute being a registered trademark, ROCm is no longer an acronym — it is simply AMD's open-source stack designed for GPU compute.
Higher performance hardware such as graphics cards use DMA to access memory directly; in a virtual environment all memory addresses are re-mapped by the virtual machine software, which causes DMA devices to fail. The IOMMU handles this re-mapping, allowing the native device drivers to be used in a guest operating system.
Nicolas Thibieroz, AMD's Senior Manager of Worldwide Gaming Engineering, argues that "it can be difficult for developers to leverage their R&D investment on both consoles and PC because of the disparity between the two platforms" and that "proprietary libraries or tools chains with "black box" APIs prevent developers from accessing the code for maintenance, porting or optimizations purposes". [7]