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The Warsaw Pact (WP), [d] formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), [e] was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.
Cold War – period of political and military tension that occurred after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). Historians have not fully agreed on the dates, but 1947–1991 is common.
July 1, 1991 – The Warsaw Pact is dissolved. July 10, 1991 – Boris Yeltsin becomes president of Russia. July 31, 1991 – Ratification of START I treaty between United States and the Soviet Union. August 19, 1991 – Start of the Soviet Union coup d'état attempt. August 21, 1991 – The Soviet Union coup d'état is dissolved.
Post-1991 usage of the term "Eastern Bloc" may be more limited in referring to the states forming the Warsaw Pact (1955–1991) and Mongolia (1924–1991), which are no longer communist states. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Sometimes they are more generally referred to as "the countries of Eastern Europe under communism", [ 10 ] excluding Mongolia, but including ...
After a new treaty in late 1991 and May 1992, and Poland's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet agreed to withdraw military units by 1992 and support units by 1993. [5] Soviet troops had already begun leaving Poland, with the first group exiting in 1991. All troops left Poland by the end of 1993, the last leaving on 18 September. [3]
The significance of 1989 in this context is that the Warsaw Pact de facto ceased to exist in 1990 when East Germany withdrew (it was formally dissolved a year later). ). Consequently, 1989 provides the last snapshot of military structures and formations in Cold War Europe, and is the baseline from which any calculations of 1990s peace dividends, any discussion of the impact of the scaling back ...
The Warsaw Pact was dissolved on 1 July 1991. On 27 October 1991 the first entirely free Polish parliamentary elections since 1945 took place. This completed Poland's transition from communist Party rule to a Western-style liberal democratic political system. The last Russian troops left Poland on 18 September 1993. [45]
The Warsaw Pact had dissolved in July, and its members had rapidly changed, with Marxist–Leninist pro-Soviet governments deposed or elected out of office. As a result, all criticized or expressed weary sentiments about events in Moscow. Some former Warsaw Pact members deployed armed forces to strategically important areas.